Kua puta te miro ā-wai hei tūtohu nui me te whakapuakitanga i a te taiao i roto i te kāwenga pūngao. Ki te whiwhi i te mōhiohio mo te taiao, ko ngā tikanga whakatau anake e paihere ana ki ngā hua whakarere kore (VOCs), kua kitea he tūtohu wai hei whakaaweawe i te hunga whakamahia i waenganui i ngā mahi pūngao. Ko te hanga o te miro ā-wai kei raro i te wai hei kaihua matua, e whakaeke ana i ngā huawaetanga kiko matua. Ko tēnei ka whangaitia te tahutahu o ngā hua whakarere kore noa iho i waenganui i ngā mahi pūngao me te whakatika i te oranga mo nga mahi pūngao. Ko ngā koki e whakamahi ana i enei miro ka tohua pai ki te pai rawa rātau ki te wai, ka whakawehewehe pai ki te whakamahi i te pai o ngā rangi kiri. Ko ngā pūtake i roto i te miro ā-wai kei te hangaia hei whakamahi pai ki te pai o te whakapai ki ngā papa pūngao, inaianei ko te kākati, ko te kāri, ko te parihaka, ko te korewa, me te rakau. Ka hangaia he papa haehae i runga i te papa pūngao i muri i te hinga o te wai, ka tuku tonu te pai o te kōrero whakapā mai. Kei te whakamahi i ngā tātari katoa hei whakapai i te whakahaere i te miro. Ko ngā humectants ka whakamahi hei whakahaere i te raupapa hinga, inahea ko te wai ka whai i te paunga pai rawa i mua i ngā huawaetanga kiko, ki te kore e taea te whakahaere pai, ka hinga te miro iti noa iho rānei ko te hinga iti noa iho. Ko ngā defoamers ka whakauru hei whakahē i te hanga o ngā pūpuke i waenganui i te whakatakoto i te miro me te whakapā, ka kitea he pūpuke i waenganui i te kōrero whakapā. Ko te miro ā-wai kei te whakamahi i waenganui i ngā mahi pūngao. I roto i te kāwenga pakipaki, ka whakamahi i te whakapā i runga i ngā poaka kāri, i ngā kāri kāri, me ngā labe, ka tuku tonu te pai o te kōrero whakapā me te whakaiti i te nui o te whakarerekē ki te taiao. I roto i te kāwenga tekoteko, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakapā i runga i ngā kākahu, ka tuku tonu te pai o ngā rangi kiri me te pai o te whakapai i te horoi. I roto i te kāwenga rakau, ko te miro ā-wai kei te whakamahi i te whakapā i ngā rarangi me ngā pūmanawa i runga i ngā kōmohanga rakau, ka tuku tonu te pai o te kōrero whakapā me te pai o te whakapai i te taiao. Ki te whiwhi i te hiahia mō ngā whakariterite pūngao, ka kitea he tūtohu wai ā-pūngao hei whakamahi tonu i te tūroa o te kāwenga pūngao.