He aha pea ngā tinta pātata ki te wai i te taiao i ngā tinta pātata ki te paraihe?

Te Pānga Taiao o ngā Tinta Mātāpuna Wai

He aha ngā tohu e mātai ana i te Tinta Mātāpuna Wai me tōna hunga e kore e hurihia

Ko ngā tioata hauropi e mōhiotia ana he nui te wai, e 60 ki te 70 ōrau pea, ka rēwena tahi me ngā harakeke pūpahi me ngā tae kore mate. Arānei, kāore he hiahia ki ngā paraihe pūrere kino e hiahia ana ngā panekete tioata arataki. Ka iti noa ai ngā VOC i te hanganga ake, he mea nui tēnā ki te whai i ngā tikanga pērā i ngā herekore o REACH, me ngā ture a California e pā ana ki ngā matapae kino. Mā te titiro ki ētahi rangahau hou ake i te tau 2023, i kite ngā kairangahau ko ngā tioata paraihe arataki he 8 ki te 12 ngā wā atu anō ngā kimikimeka hangarau i te nuinga i te tioata hauropi. He tauwaenga tēnā e whakaatu ana i te pai ake o ngā tioata hauropi i te tirohanga kimikimeka.

Ngā Huaunga VOC Iti Ake me te Pāmuatanga Atamira Iti Ake

Ko te huri ki ngā tioata huinga wai e iti ai ngā whakaputanga VOC mai i 85 ki te takahia ana i te 95 ōrau ina mātai kia ngā punaha tōpahi tawhito. Ko ngā tioata tuhinga noa he mea tuku i te 4.2 manokaramu o ngā VOCs mō ia litirā ka whakamahia. Ko ngā putanga huinga wai? Ka tuku kaua ko te 0.3 ki te 0.5 kg anake. E nui ana tēnei rerekētanga nā, ko ēnei taputapu pāpaku e āwhina ana i te rongoā o te parapara, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te whara i ngā rewharewha o te tangata i te wā roa. E ai ki ētahi rangahau i tākarotia i te tau 2022 e te Pukapuka Haumaru Mahi, i kitea e ngā kamupene i huri ai i te 72 iti ake ngā keehi pā ki te kounga o te hau i te wāhi mahi. Nō reira, ehara i te mea pai anake mō te taiao engari he mea atamira anō hoki mō te haumātātanga o katoa e mahi ana reira i ia rā.

Ko te Momo Hua Oti ai te Papatipu me ngā Whakaaro mō te Wai Mākū

Neke i te 90% o ngā kaiwheoko tūauru parakore e mōmona ana i roto i ngā whakaparitanga 30 rā, e kitea ai he rerekētanga nui ki ngā rautau e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tohu parakore. Ka wehe 92–98% o ngā pārtihikara tūauru parakore e ngā tikanga matua whakapai waiarai, tērā pea i te 55–60% te wehenga e wehia ana i ngā kirimea parakore, e mau ana hohoro nā te pūkenga kimikale o ēnei.

Tākarotia: Te Whakaiti i te Pooti Karbon i te Tā Mātāpihi Rākau me ngā Tūauru Parakore

I te tauwhitinga mai ki ngā tūauru parakore mō te tā papahiko, kua whakaiti tētahi kaihanga rākau Ūropi i tōna aronga karbona inaianei mā te 43%. I whakakoreia e te hurihanga nei te 14 tonne metirika o ngā whakaputanga VOC, i whakaitia hoki te haumātauranga mā te 18%, ka puta ko te $120,000 Kāriki i rua tekau mā toru tau trūnga i te iti ake o ngā utu whakakī atamira me ngā utu whai mātai.

Ngā Tūmomo Kimikale me ngā Putanga VOC Teitei

Ngā Tūmomo Kimikale me ngā Putanga VOC Teitei

Ko te nuinga o ngā tioata tuanui-kohua e whai ana i ngā hua pētroleum pērā i te benzene, toluene, me te xylene e āwhina ana i te pupuri i ngā pārtihikara tae ki te takotoranga tika. Ina maroke ēnei matēria, ka whakawhitinga i ngā karaihe organik rerehua (VOCs) ki te rangi ki ngā taumata e whā ki te whitu ngā wā ake i te mea e kitea ana mā te whakamahi i ngā kōwhiringa tuanui-ā-whā. Ko te tikanga ko ngā kōtahitanga ki roto o ngā toihana printi e neke ake ana i te mea e whakaae ana a OSHA hei haumaru mō ngā taiao roto. I te titiro ki ngā raraunga pono mai i ngā mahi printi ekurupa i te tau ki muri ka kitea te rerekētanga. Mō ia tona tioata tuanui-kohua e whakarato ana ngā wharepaku i te 12.3 manea o ngā whakaputanga VOC. He tino kino ake tēnei i te 2.1 kg e whakaputangia ana e ngā kōwhiringa tuanui-ā-whā. Ko ēnei herenga rerekē e nui ana ka muera te āki ai i te pānga ki te taiao ina whiriwhiria ēnei kōwhiringa e rua mō ngā rautaki printi.

Ko te Tūporipori me ngā Tūraru Taiao Ahumahi

Ko te Rōpū Matua Rangahau Matepukupuku i te Ao e whakarāpopotia ana ngā parahi benzene e kitea ana i ngā tioata huinga-kohukohu ki te tuanui o tō rātou rarangi mōrearea—kua whakahuangia ēnei hei kaiwhakaputa matepukupuku Rōpū 1. Ko ngā tangata e mahi ana me ēnei tau maha ka āhua paku pea te mōrearea, pērā i te mate leukemia, te mate rewharewha rānei. Anō hoki, ko te take o te wai parae. Ina hanga ngā kamupene i ēnei tioata, ka mutu ki te wai e kī ana i ngā metara taumaha me ngā harore herehere e kore e mimiti mā te ara tūmatanui. He nui te utu ki te whakakore i ēnei mea tika, nā te mea me arataki ngā kaihanga i ngā ture marino a EPA mō te whakakore. E herenga ana ngā kamupene iti ki ēnei utu i te wā e whai nei i te tikanga.

Te Puhau Aihe i te Tā: Te Tūmanako o ngā Pūnaha Huinga-Kohukohu

Ina tūhono ngā inika pātari ki te ao, ka hua te ozōni i te rangi e kapi ana i te kākāhu o te tāone. Mā te titiro ki ngā raraunga ā-tauhokohoko, ko ngā kārihi whakaputa tāpiri e 8% pea o ngā huamata katoa o ngā karuwha takotoranga kikohepari mai i ngā mahi kōpae ki te ao. Ko te nuinga o ēnei huamata mai i ngā pātari e parurenga ana ake i te paru, e hua ana i te 92% o te hua katoa. Ko ngā kōwhiringa pātari mō te taiao e kī ana ka iti ake ngā rahi o ngā karuwha takotoranga kikohepari i somewhere between thirty to fifty percent, engari kei te whakamahi tonu i ngā ether glycol e hangaia ana mai i ngā rākau paruparu. Arānei, i te nuinga o te wā o rātou, kei te whai wāhi tonu ēnei kōwhiringa ki ngā huamata karuwha, ahakoa kua kīia e kore.

Ngā Inika Pātari vs. Ngā Inika Pātari: He Whakatairite Kaitiakitanga

Whakatairite Kāhua o ngā Huamata Karuwha me ngā Take Ture

Ko ngā tūhuratanga mō te whai mātua o ngā matapae e whakaatu ana ko ngā tinta huinga wai e iti ake ana i te 80% ngā huinga VOC ki te tata ki ā rātou anuanu, kāore i te wai, e ai ki ngā rangahau hou a Permaset i te 2023. Kei te pērā ake ngā tikanga whakahaere i ēnei rā, ka tīkapa pea te Rūnanganui o Rūropi i ana ture hou e here ana i ngā huinga VOC a te ahumahi ki te 30 grama anake i ia mita whatianga. Nō reira, kāore ētahi nui o ngā pūnaha tuhinga tawhito e hāngai ana ki ngā here me ngā ture inaianei. Kua huri katoa ētahi kamupene tuhinga rerekē ki ngā tinta huinga wai, ā, kua kite i ngā hua pai. I whakaatu tētahi o ēnei kamupene i te iti ake o te kirihou o te rangi mai i te 62%, i te wā e pupuri ana i ō rātou tere whakaputa i te wā e hiahiatia ana.

Te Tātai Arotake Ora: Te Whai Mātua I Roto I Te Whakaputa, Te Whakamahi, Me Te Whakakore

Ko te tātai arotake ora katoa e whakaatu ana ko ngā tinta huinga wai e hiahiatia ana 20–25% atu hoki hiko i te wā e maroke ana engari e tuku ana i ngā painga taiao nui ki te whakahaere i te para me te wai:

Ko tēnei utu-utu e tautoko ana i ngā inka pāwera mō ngā ahumahi e matua whai whakaaronga ana ki te aronga roa ki te taiao i runga i te mahi uaua poto.

Whakamahi Kaha me te Putanga Paru: Ngā Inenga Mahi Taiao

Ahakoa ka whakamahia e ngā punaha pātui 30% iti ake te kaha i te wā o te whakamahi (Qinghe Chemical 2023), ko ngā inka pāwera e hua ana 95% iti ake te waihanga pouri . Ko ngā kārika tuhua nui e ripoata ana:

• whakamahinga energi 200 kWh ia tapumahi paraihe mā te wai ki te 150 kWh mō te paraikete
• 15 kg paru kore-mateki ki te 320 kg pāpaku kimihia

Ko ēnei ine pea e whakaatu ana i te heketanga matua o te utu taiao i te wā o te whakarerekenga o te mutunga-o-te-ora.

Te whakatorea i ngā utu mahi me ngā whiwhinga taiao

Kōrero ana ngā tinta huinga wai kei te roa ake te wā kia maroke ana i ngā kowhiringa tūmatanui, e hia anō rā ki te rua ngā rā i mua i te pumautanga tonu. Koinei pea te aronga nui ina mahi ana i ngā wā poto, i ngā mahi tere. Engari, kāore ēnei tinta i whakaputangia i te taiao pērā me ngā kōwhiringa tuanui. He iti ake te whakaputa kino ki te oneone, ki te rangi hoki, nō reira he kōwhiringa mātau kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao e piki haere ana mai i ngā rākau penei i te EPA, ngā tikanga hoki o REACH. Mā te tiro atu ki ngā raraunga tauhokohoko, e haurua pea ngā taputapu printi whai māia e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā he huinga wai, ā, e piki haere ana ngā tau ina whakapakari ake ngā kaimahi ki te mahi ki tēnei momo tinta, ā, ka kite hoki i tana mahi pai ake ahakoa te roanga o te wā maroke.

Ngā Kōwhiringa E Hāpai Ana i te Taiao me ngā Hurihanga Ahumahi i te Printi Whai Māia

Te Rerekētanga o ngā Tinta Pūtaiao: Hydrosoy me Ētahi Atu Whanaketanga Whai Māia

Kei te mataara ngā toihau tā mātātuhi ki te whenua katoa ki ngā inki e hāpai ana i te taiao pērā i te Hydrosoy, he hua nā te waihanga rapu soya i ētahi whakapae huinga wai, engari kāore i te nuinga o ngā hua parahuarua. E ai ki te moheni Mātātuhi mai i te tau ki muri, kua rite tēnei tau e 18 ngā inki rautaki rongoātawhai e hokona ana ki Amerika ki te Raki. He aha te mea e taraiwa nei i tēnei panonitanga? Ngā whatunga hou ake ki ngā tae e tangohia ana i ngā alga, me ngā karaihe hononga e hangaia ana i ngā matapae cellulose. Ko te kōrero pai ko ēnei tauira hou kaore i te whakaroa i te kounga, ka pupuri i ngā tae kaha, ā, ka whakamāma ngā mahi tango inki i te wā e whakarewena ana te pepa, arā ka iti ake te pouri i te taiao.

Inki Huinga Wai vs. Inki Huinga Soya vs. Inki Huinga Parahuarua: Ngā Rerekē Matua me ngā Whanonga

Ka mahi pai ake ngā tinta huinga wai ki ngā papanga poro rere atu ana te whakamaroke, i te wa e tuku ana ngā tinta huinga soya i te manawaroa tino pai ake mō ngā kiriata panui e piki haere ana. Ka wehe ēnei i ngā kirimea noxious taiwhenua e hāngai ana ki ngā tikanga hanga tiona.

Ngā Irotanga Ahumahi Ki Ngā Tikanga Tauira Mā Te Atamira

Kei te whakararu te Tohutohu Whakaputanga Ahumahi a te EU mō te tau 2025 i ngā kaihangarua kia rere atu ki ngā takotoranga iti-VOC. Kua tuhinga kē ngā kamupene toru haurua e rua o ngā kamupene printi i ēnei kōwhiringa e hāngai ana ki te taiao hei matua aronga. Kei te huri anō maha o ngā toihau ki ngā punaha parahaki e huinga ana i ngā tinta huinga wai me te hangarau UV LED. Ka iti ake ngā whakamahinga hiko pea 40% i te nuinga o ngā tikanga umukai hāngai ki te hiahia. Ka āwhina tēnei ara kia tutuki ngā whāinga hokiropi, i te wā e greenmore ai te toihau printi. Kei te huri te ahumahi i āna tikanga tawhito ake, ā, kei te piki haere ngā whakaritenga taiao.

FAQ

He aha ngā tinihanga o ngā tohu paraihe?

Ko ngā tohu paraihe e whai mātua ana i te 60 ki te 70 ōrau wai, ngā harakeke pūpahi, me ngā tae kore mate, ka wehea ai te hiahia ki ngā paraihe pētroleum.

Me āhua tā ngā tohu paraihe ki ngā tohu paraihe i te aronga ki ngā whakaputanga VOC?

Ka whakaiti ngā tohu paraihe i ngā whakaputanga VOC mai i te 85 ki te 95 ōrau tēnā i ngā tohu paraihe, ka nui ake te whakaiti i te kirihou o te rangi.

He rerehua ngā tohu paraihe?

Āe, he tino rerehua aua atu i te 90% o ngā wāhanga o ngā tohu paraihe i roto i ngā 30 rā i ngā tikanga komipō.

He aha ngā raru hauora e hono ana ki ngā tohu paraihe?

Ko ngā tohu paraihe kei roto ngā hua pētroleum e whakaputangia ana ngā VOC, ā, e taea ana e ia te whakaputanga o ngā raru hauora pērā i te leukemia.