He aha ngā āhuatanga e pai ai te tinta gravure mō te tapa kia tere?

Iti te Viscosity me te Tuku Inka Māmā i te Gravure Marika Teitei

Me pēhea te Iti Viscosity e whakauru ai i te Tuku Inka Marika, Kotahi i ngā Marika Teitei

Ko ngā inka Tāraihe e kīia nei ko te rereketanga o te pūkai e 50 ki te 500 mPa·s ka mahi pai mō te taupeke tere, nā te mea ka rere tere ake ki roto i ngā wā kete karuwhā. Ina he iti ake te pūkai o te inka, ka iti ake te whakawhitinga ake i tana nekeneke, e āki ai kia pai ake te mahi kapihara. Arā, ka tukuna tērā inka anuanu hoki ki runga i te papamuri, ānoa i te haere tere ake i te 600 mita i te meneti. I kitea hoki e tētahi rangahau i tāngia i te 2023 mō ngā tikanga Tāraihe, i ētahi mea hou. Kua kitea e rātou ko te tika tonu o te pūkai ka taea te whakaiti i te ao inka e te 28%, i te wā e mau tonu ana te kotahi o te tae i te roanga o te tuhinga. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā mea pērā i ngā kiri tapa e hiahiatia ana te āhua, ā, mō ngā tuhinga hoki e hiahiatia ana te pānuitanga.

Ngā Hangarau Rāwekenga Pūkai i ngā Huinga Inka Tāraihe Kua Whanaketia

Ko ngā punaha whakawhitinga paraihe matua anuanu e whakaae ana i ngā panonitanga ā-rēwai o te piko ki roto i te ±15% i te wā o te whakaputa. Ko ngā kaiwhakarereke rereology pērā i ngā harore polyamide e pupuri ana i te noho rereiti, e whakarato ana i te rere tūmau hahinga atu anō i te 40% iti ake te ihirangi paraihe mō ngā takotoranga tuawhenua. Ka eke ngā kaiwhakaputa matua ki ngā paerewa piko o ±5 mPa·s mā te whakamahi i ngā tapaikorangi anuanu kua honoa ki ngā punaha rerenga tinta.

Iti ake te Whakamahi Paraihe: Te Taurite i ngā Arawhata Rere me te Utu me te Tūmau

Whakaaturia ana e ngā tinta gravure hou te āhua o te 18–22% te iti ake i te whakamahi paraihe (tēnei mō ngā tohu 2020) e taea ai te noho tahi me te mahi tere. Ko ngā punaha whakahoki paraihe kaupapa ka kohia te 92–95% o ngā VOCs i ngā aronga rongoā gravure, e iti ana i ngā utu whakahaere $12–$18 ia litra, kei te tutuki hoki i ngā whāinga herehere EU 2027.

Tauānga Kōrero: Te Whakapai ake i te Piko i te Tākarotia Gravure

I te nuinga o Eropi, i te whakāhua i te whakamahi kōpae mā te 30% i muri i te whakauru ki ngā tinta 220 mPa·s i te weheua e ngā sili pūmahara. I te huringa ake i te kounga o te tuku tinta mai i te 78% ki te 89%, ā, i eke ki ngā penihana tau o €540,000, i te tuhinga i ngā pepa māmā i te pauna 4.0 DIN.

Ngā Arataki Tatawhai Maroke Tere mā te Whakaputa Marika Tere

Te Tutuki i ngā Tere Mātātoko o 200–600 Mitahā ia Miniti me te Tatawhai Maroke Tere

Āwhina ana ngā rāwekenga hōu o ngā tinta gravure i ngā tere tuhinga neke atu i te 500 m/min tru ngā paraire kōpae me ngā punaha harore kua whanaketia. I whakaatu tētahi tāpiri a Heidelberg i te 2023 ko ngā tinta hōu mā te ethyl acetate e 18% te iti ake o te wā maroke i ngā rāwekenga toluene takotoranga, i te pupuri tonu i te tūponotanga o te tae.

Te Whiriwhiri i ngā Solvent me te Pānga ki te Tere Whakamaroke me te Waihanga Hua

Mā ngā solvent he iti te wā pūpahi (60–80°C) ka tere ake te pūpahinga kia kaua e pakaru te here. I te tau 2023, i whai whakaaturanga a propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) hei kōwhiringa pai ake, i whakaatu ana i te waihanga hua 22% tere ake i n-propyl acetate i ngā whakamātautau papanga.

Te Whakauru i ngā Pūnaha Whakamaroke Infrared me te Hau Māmā ki ngā Rārangi Gravure

Ko ngā karuwha whakamaroke maha-nuinga kei te huinga i ngā karaerae IR poto-wawe (3–5 sekona noho wā), ngā riipene hau tere-ite (25–35 m/s), me ngā pūnaha hohoko hohoko e hinga ana tae atu ki te 85% o ngā solvent. Kahe nei te whakamaroke i te hiko 30% kei te whakarato tonu i te 99.5% whakapumautanga tinta ki ngā papa BOPP ki te 550 m/min.

Tūhuratanga Take: Te Whakanui i te Tatawe o te Whakamaroke i ngā Mahi Gravure Pakitaku

I te whakamatautau ki ngā paraihe inu kore-ketōni, ki te whakauru i ngā arataki pae ā-hākī aro-āhua, me te whakauru i ngā riihi hikoinga taima-whaitua, kua eke tētahi kaihuri pakitara maroke ōropihi ki te 22% heke iho i ngā wā momoiti. I heke ngā paraihe tauine i ia tau ki te 140 taniha metiria, ā, ka piki ake te wā tuwhera o te peihana umanga ki te 17%.

Te Aronga Hou: Ngā Inu Gravure UV-Curable mō te Whakapaipai Tūmatanui me ngā VOC Heke Ake

Kua eke ngā punaha whakapaipai UV-LED ki te whakapaipai tino i roto i te 0.8–1.2 hēkona, e āwhina ana i ngā inu katoa kikokiko (solid content) kia kore ai ngā putanga VOC, māia ai te tukanga tūmatanui, me te penapena hoki i te 50% o te hiko ki te whakakaha i te momoiti makariri. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau a Smithers 2024 he pikinga tauine 9.3% mō ngā inu gravure UV ki te 2028, ārahitia e ngā tikanga herehere mō ngā pouaka kai.

Ngā Inu Gravure Pārāoa-Huinga: Te Mahi Me te Taurite Tangata Whenua

He aha ngā Pūnaha Pārāoa e Dominant ana i ngā Taumahatanga Gravure Tere Maroi?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tapa kua mau tonu ki ngā tinta pātui tuarangi ina hekeke te wā, nā te mea ka maroke tino rapu, i te wāhi pakanga mai i te 200 ki te 600 mita ia miniti, ā, ka mahi pai ki te nuinga o ngā matapae. Ko te pēra noa o te maroke o ngā tuarangi pērā i te ethyl acetate e āwhina ana i ēnei tinta kia maroke i raro i te 15 hēkona anake, ka aukati ai i te arataki whakaputa kia mātatau tonu mō ngā mea pērā i ngā pouaka kai me ngā moheni. I tētahi pūrongo hou mai i Materials Performance i te 2024 e whakaatu ana ko ngā punaha tuarangi e hoatu ana te tere tuku ake e 40 rautau rānei te pai ake i ngā kowhiringa pātui wai ina tapa ana ki ngā kiri. Ehara ko te mea pai kaua ko ngā aronga taiao i whakatinana ai i te nuinga o ngā umanga ki ngā kowhiringa kākāriki ake i rēwera.

Te Kohinga Tinta, Te Pā ki te Matapa, me te Mahi ki ngā Matapa Rerekē

Ko ngā tinta tuarangi gravure hōu e hono ana i ngā harapeke acrylic/polyurethane (55–70% mā te taumaha) me ngā pigi toa-te-kaha me ngā kaiwhakarereke āhuatanga. Ka eke tēnei karapu ki:

• 99.5% te ihirangi tuku tinta ki ngā kiri BOPP/PET
• 5 N/cm² te kaha here (ASTM D3359)
• <0.5 Delta E te tapakanga tae i te nuinga o ngā huinga

I whakaatu ngā akoranga ko ngā tinta tuhinga e tuku ana i te 23% pai ake i ngā takotoranga mea hiko UV ki ngā rāwhiti metara, ka whakapai ake i te mahi i ngā tono uaua.

Te whakahaere i ngā whakaputanga VOC trūnga ngā punaha mōtītika me ngā tuhinga tuarangi

Ahakoa i roto i ngā tau e pā ana ki te tinta tuhinga e 65–80% o ngā VOC i te ao tiipa, kua pakaru ngā hangarau hou i ngā whakaputanga umanga 70% (2023 Sustainable Printing Initiative). Ko ngā rongoā matua ko:

Ko ngā tuhinga noa mai i te karatia me ngā tātai organik e hāngai ana inaianei ki te 30% o ngā tinta gravure e whai rawa ana ki te taiao, ka heke te pa ki te taiao kaore i te rupeke i te kounga tiipa.

Te Kounga Tiipa Pai, Te Pakari, me te Auau Kīrehe

Te Tuakiri i te Whakapaetanga Whakapaeta Engari Kāore i te Rupeke i te Maarama Tiipa

Kei te roa ake ngā inika ā-kuhuna i tēnei wā nā te mea ka hangaia e rātou ngā hononga kaha ki te taupapa o ngā haroreu me te aha atu rākau e printia ana. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mai i ngā kaimātai matēriri mō ngā inika e taea ai te toru tekau ki te rautau mā rua ngā whakamātautau whakapae e whai ana i ngā tīmataka ASTM, ā, kei raro i te 5 miriona mita te whānui o ngā raina, ā, āhua hoki pea te haere ki te 600 mita ia miniti. He aha te mea e mahi ai i tēnei? Ko te mea nui kia tika te pūmahara. Ko te 35 ki te 50 ōrau o te honohono anuanu ki ngā acrylate me te nuinga o ngā plasticizer hei ārai i te inika kia kore ai e pēwaru. He nui tēnei mō ngā tono paketearotahi e hiahia ana ngā matēriri kia māmā, kia maroke i te kore e poporoa, i te kore hoki e ngaro te kounga o te tuhinga i te wā o te kawe me te whakamahinga.

Te Wehenga Karaihe me te Kōwhiringa Hāpori mō te Pūmau me te Kaha Tae

Mō ngā tikanga printi tere marika, me iti ake i te 0.5 microns ngā pātiti o ngā parahua kiriata kia kaua e puta ai ngā āhua kīato e hinga ana i te kounga o te printi. Ko te whakaeke hou rawa o te nitrocellulose i te atamira me te polyurethane e hua ana i te kūmuna kōpae o te 98% e ai ki ngā whakamātautau ISO 787-24. Hei wāhi ko ēnei paraire e hua ana i ngā kotahi kīkaha e piki ake i te 1.8D ā, ka tūka tahi hoki ki te nuinga o ngā paraihe noa. I ētahi whakamātautau hou, i kitea ko ngā kaihanga mēnā ka whakapai ake i ngā rautaki hāngai harakeke, ka piki te manawaroa kimihana mai rānei ki te 30% tata nei i te tūranga ki ngā punaha harakeke takitahi tawhito. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā matapae kai e takoto ana ki ngā hinu hāngai kai, i te wa e taea ana ngā tikanga whakamarumaru i te wa o te hanga.

Te Taurite i te Mahi Printi Roa-Tekau me te Aronga ki te Taiao

Kei te whakauru ngā kairangahau i te roa-o-te-ora me te tainenga trū mā ētahi ara matua e toru:

• Ngā acrylics huinga-wai e tuku ana i te āhua ātaahua o 85 GU me te ihirangi VOC e ¤50 g/L
• Ngā punaha UV-whakaputa e whakaputa tūmatanui ana me te mōhio o 90% atu anō i ngā pakanga kōpae
• Ngā bio-resin mai i ngā triglyceride kua rerekētia e eke ana ki te herekenga 7B (ASTM D3359)

Kua tutuki ēnei whakaratonga i ngā paerewa ECO PAS 110 pērā anō te tuku i te pūmau o waho mō ngā tapanga matatau e 5 tau, e whakaatu nei ko te kaitiakitanga taiao kaore he huringa mō ngā mahi.

Te Ū-pono Tika me ngā Pīra Mātai a Laser

Te whakauru i te Rheology Tuimaha ki te āhua me te rahi o ngā wā kua mātai a laser

Ko ngā hua pai ka puta mai i te tapa kōpae inuā, ina ōrite ngā āhuatanga rere o te tinta ki ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e ngā silihana kua kōpia mā te pūlāzeri. I ēnei rā, ko te arataki anamata e hanga ana i ngā karu iti e 5 ki te 30 micron te pōrohu. Arā, me ngā tinta motuhake e pakari ake ana i raro i te pēhanga kia taea ai te whakakī i ēnei karu miniture, ka tango atu ka paku noa ki te tikanga e tapa ana. E ai ki ngā rangahau i tukuna ki waho i te tau ki muri, ko te tika o tēnei kaheke iho i ngā raruraru tinta mists e te 18% ina rapua nui ake i te 400 mita i ngā meneti. Ake ake, ka mau tonu te kotahi o te tini o te tae – e te 98%, tata ki te haurua kotahi – ahakoa ko te PET, ko te BOPP rānei ngā pepa. He mea whai hua nui, nā te mea he mea matua herekore ngā tikanga tinta mō te kounga o ngā tapa, me te mahi kia maroke ai.

Whakanui ake i te Tatauritanga Tapa mā te Arataki Kōpae Matihiko

Ko ngā tohutohu whakamuna matihiko hōu e taea ana e ngā kaitūhono te whakarerekē i ngā āhua selula mō te haerenga ake, ā, rātou e mataara ana i ngā panonitanga o te nek minamina. Waihangatia e ēnei pūnaha ngā whakaranorano selula āki ai anō ina heke, nui rānei te nek minamina i te wā o te rere. Ina mahi tahi te whakamuna me te ara e rere ai te nek minamina i te paraihe, ka tīmata tētahi mea ataahua—ka heke ki raro i te 1.2% te takotoranga o ngā pikitia printi, ā, ko te tere tino pai rawa mō te hanga tapanga. Ko ngā hua mai i te ao tuturu e kōrero ana i te pakiwaitara pai rawa—kua kite ētahi toihana i te heke haere o te wā kua pau kia tīmata anō i te wā i whakauruhia ai ēnei pūnaha whakaputa e hono ana ngā tautuhinga whakamuna ki te whanonga o te nek minamina. E ai ki ētahi kaihanga, kei te 23% te iti ake o ngā wā kua tīmata anō ki te whakatika i ngā raru nek minamina mai i te panoni ki tēnei aronga mōwhiti.

Tauānga Tūhuratanga: Te Whakanui ake i te Hua i roto i te Pakihi Awarangi Māmā mā te Whakapainga Matatau i te Silinda me te Nek Minamina

I tūhono tētahi kamupene mātai nuinga o Rāwhiti Europi i te tere ake i ō rātou huringa mahi umanga noa rānei pea 40% i te wā i tīmata ai rātou ki te whakaaetia i ngā papa tuanui kua karapoti āraihi me ngā inki tuarangi e rua. I kitea e rātou ko te hononga i ngā tauira selu hexagonal 140 nga waehoro me ngā inki kua whānuitia te uaua (viscosity) i waenganui i ngā hēkona 45 ki te 55 ki runga i te ipu #4 Ford i ngaro ai te hiahia ki ngā mōhio horoi roa i waenganui i ngā mātai anuanu me ngā mātai tae noa. He taikaha hoki ngā hua. I pupuri tonu tō rātou punaha i te pono o te 99.2% i te whakauru anuanu, ā, āhua hoki i te hua i ngā punaha tawhito noa i te 11% i te pānga ki te rahi e taea ana te hua tonu i te wā.

Ngā Pātai e Patai Pūnoa Ana

He aha te uaua (viscosity) i ngā inki tuarangi?

Ko te uaua (viscosity) i ngā inki tuarangi he ine i te herekenga o tētahi rewharewha ki te rere. Ko ngā inki uaua iti ka rere ai ngāwari ki roto i ngā selu kua karapoti ki ngā siliha, e tuku ana i te taraiwa inki kikii i ngā tere mātai tere.

Pēhea te pā ki te panuku āpiti mōhinu i te pane e karapoti ana?

Ko te whakaiti i te whakamahi mōhini i te karapoti āpiti e āwhina ana i te taurite i ngā īnanga rere, me te whakaiti i ngā utu, me te whakapai ake i te kaitiakitanga. Ko ngā aronga matatau e hui ana, e whakaiti ana i ngā whakaputanga VOC, e rite ana ki ngā whāinga taiao kia kaua te mahi e pakaru.

He aha te take e pīrangi ana ngā punaha mōhini ki ngā tono karapoti āpiti tere?

E pīrangi ana ngā punaha mōhini nā rātou anō ngā īnanga maroke tere, te āhua ki ngā paparua maha rerekē, me te uaua pai ake i te tuku inka. E whakaae ana rātou i ngā tere whakangao tūtata mai i te 200 ki te 600 mita i roto i te meneti.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā whakaputanga VOC i te karapoti āpiti?

Ka whakahaeretia ngā whakaputanga VOC trū ngā punaha mokowā-tata me ngā mōhini takotoranga, ka whakaitihia te pā ki te taiao. Ko ēnei punaha e hui ana, e hoki ana i ngā mōhini kia tutuki ai ngā tikanga taiao o nāianei.